Carbon rings fitted in segments around the shaft and held together by garter or retainer springs.
Labyrinth mated with shaft serration’s or shaft seal strips.
Water seals where a shaft runner acts as a pump to create a ring of water around the shaft. Use only treated water to avoid shaft pitting.
Stuffing box using woven or soft packing rings that are compressed with a gland to prevent leakage along the shaft.   _{Your Comment}